What Are Sensors and Actuators?

The spoken lesson

"A sensor detects or measures a selected property and converts it into a signal. Sensors may measure light, temperature, pressure, sound, distance, movement, humidity, or chemicals. A controller processes the signal and chooses an action. An actuator converts the command into movement, force, light, sound, heat, vibration, or flow. Sensors have limits. Their readings may be affected by range, calibration, damage, angle, environment, or software. Cameras and microphones are sensors too, so they can collect personal information. Sensors turn properties into signals; actuators turn commands into actions." DESIGN REQUIREMENTS: Use sealed components and clear information flow. Avoid exposed circuits, biometric analysis, camera activation, child diagnosis, or presenting sensor readings as perfect truth.