What Are Solar and Lunar Eclipses?

The spoken lesson

"An eclipse happens when the Sun, Earth, and Moon align closely enough to create a special shadow. During a solar eclipse, the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, and its shadow reaches part of Earth. During a lunar eclipse, Earth is between the Sun and Moon, and Earth's shadow falls on the Moon. Eclipses do not happen every month because the Moon's orbit is tilted. Shadows include the central umbra, the partial penumbra, and sometimes the antumbra. Solar eclipses may be total, partial, or annular. Lunar eclipses may be total, partial, or penumbral. Never look directly at the bright Sun through ordinary glasses or unfiltered optics. Eclipses require special alignment, and every solar observation requires expert eye protection." DESIGN REQUIREMENTS: Use accurate orbital geometry and a prominent solar-eye-safety panel. Do not autoplay bright flashes. Avoid direct-Sun activity, ordinary-sunglasses imagery, homemade filters, inaccurate monthly alignment, or current event promotion.